DW BUREAU / PATIALA Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur National Integration Chair, Punjabi University here today organised 13th annual Shaheed Sardar Nanak Singh Memorial Lecture on the theme of ''Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Indian National Movement: Some Reflections''. Dr. Daljit Singh, Head of the National Integration Chair, welcomed the keynote speaker and elaborated on the functioning and achievements of the Chair since its inception and told briefly about the life history of Sardar Nanak Singh. The keynote speaker Prof. Amandeep Kaur Bal, Department of History, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, discussed the circumstances leading to Jallianwala Bagh. She stressed that the idea of 'Republic' based on the will of the people was given by the Ghadar movement, which got enforced among the people of Punjab in the post- 1915 era. Such activities were seen as anti-establishment by the British Administration thus taking pre-emptive measures resulting in the Jallianwala Bagh incident. The speaker even correlated the pandemic of 1918 with Covid-19, which enhanced the problems of people. Prof Arvind, Vice-Chancellor, Punjabi University presided over the lecture and released two books "Partition of Punjab Essays in the Honour of Shaheed Sardar Nanak Singh" and "Interfaith Understanding and Communal Harmony" edited by Dr Daljit Singh. (editor@dailyworld.in)